Behavioral Language Assessment Part 1 (ABLLS-R) - 800 Words

Summary The topic for todays reading was Behavioral Language Assessment: Part 1 (ABLLS-R). One of the assigned readings, Language Assessment and Development in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorders, presented several key findings emerged from a study of early language abilities in a large sample of toddlers with ASD. They found out that although the measures employed in this study to assess emerging language skills in toddlers with ASD involved direct assessment, parent questionnaire and parent interview, there was a very close agreement among these different measures. Also, they found that both receptive and expressive language were much correlated with a range of general and social cognitive variables and motor skills, and that the†¦show more content†¦Childs language skills are tested by presenting them with an increasingly complex set of receptive and expressive tasks. The primary goal of these language assessments is to identify a childs age-equivalent linguistic level, w hich are obtained by a comparison of the childs score on the test to the average language abilities of a large group of typically developing children. Language assessments that focus on age-equivalent scores, and the traditional receptive and expressive distinction, are less useful to parent and teachers who simply need direction for working with a particular child. Standardized language assessment do not give teachers or parents a specific starting point for developing a language intervention program. It is assumed that if a childs language age can be identified then the teacher can develop a language intervention program, and provide material that would be right for that language age. But, finding an age equivalent score does not help find specific linguistic problems, or help suggest strategies for where and how to begin language intervention. Finally, the standardized assessments do not separate the several different types of expressive language, and important distinctions and verbal deficits are often not identified which critical for the daily use of language in the childs natural

World’s Dumbest Animal Free Essays

Earth Stupidest Organism There are many species of animal on Earth, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals. Some of these animals are smart, some are dumb, but which animal is the dumbest of them all? In my opinion, I believe the dumbest of them all is the panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca is their scientific name. I have read a few articles, watched a few videos, done some researches about pandas, and my conclusion is: Panda is the stupidest organism I have ever encountered up to this point in my life, they are the failure of natural selection and evolution. We will write a custom essay sample on World’s Dumbest Animal or any similar topic only for you Order Now They are slothful to the point of being circumspect, pandas loll around, knowing full well that most of the humans in their midst will fall for their deceptive, charming spell. They are carnivore, but decided to go vegan, they don’t use their time to mate even if they are on the edge of extinction, they are literally stupid, they eat the food that don’t give them much energies to live, so they just sit there and eat all they long. I bet you don’t believe me, since pandas are so adorable, cute, and look like clumsy fur ball that bring joy and laugh to peoples. You might be right about their cuteness, but that is just what we, normal humans, think about the pandas. What about the scientific, and biological perspective of them? Well, as a 101 Biology student myself, I think they have failed as an animal in the way they live.To begin with, I will how a little sympathy, and talk about the good side of these miserable creatures, just to not burry them too low underground. Firstly, these creatures are cute, adorable, chubby, fluffy, friendly, and bumbling. You cannot think about the word â€Å"panda† and not thinking about an adorable, yin-yang-like creature, and you will blurt out: â€Å"Aaaaaawww!!!† when you see them doing something stupid. Also, these animals are pink when there were young, climbing trees, and swim very good. Every human loves them. Secondly, there is an old legend about pandas, it is nice, well written, but has a dark twist in the middle. A long time ago, when all the pandas were completely white (like polar bear white), one panda was attacked by a leopard. A young girl shown up and saved the dummy, but she was horribly killed by the leopard instead. So, after all what happened, the pandas came to her funeral wearing black ashes armbands (I don’t understand why did the people not slaughter them since the young girl was killed because of those idiotic creatures). When they wiped their tears, hugged, covered their ears, †¦ those black ashes armbands left ashes marks on their faces, and bodies. That is how we have a yin-yang-like animal today (still, I don’t know why did I put this story in the part about panda goodies). Finally, this is my favorite one, pandas are interesting, they are white, they are black, but also, they are Asian. Such variety in just one species, except for humans, right? Those are all the â€Å"good† things I found out about pandas. Let move on to the next part, the bad sides of pandas, this is going to be fun.These creatures, pandas, are very bad at survive in nature, at mating, and at to decide what is good for them. On the biological aspect, pandas are carnivore, cat-like pupils, sharp teeth (they also have flat teeth), pointy nails, they are designed by nature, went through evolution, survived natural selection to consume, and to digest meat. But no, one day, these creatures decided to go vegan, they decided to eat what they were not designed for, they started to eat plants, especially bamboo, instead of meat. Normally, bears’ diet includes fishes, meats, insects, and plants, a lot of plants (some says that plants can sometimes can reach up to 90% of bear’s diet), but they eat lots of lots of meat to obtain energies for their daily basic. Pandas, in the other hand, only consume fruits, rodents, but mostly bamboo. But pandas are carnivore, their digest system were designed to consume meat, not cellulose, they don’t have functional caecum, which is needed to consume cellulose. Scientist discovered that pandas were in facts omnivore, they eat both plants and meat just like other bears, but 7 million years ago, they started to eat bamboo, then they completely switched to bamboo 2 million years ago until today, but they still have a digest system of a carnivore, bacteria in their gut are still better at break down proteins than cellulose, so they cannot absorb much nutrition from bamboos. As mentioned above, pandas consume bamboo as their main source of nutrition, and they cannot squeeze out much nutrition from them. Pandas are bears, bears do eat plants but are not rely on plants as their main source, they have others source of nutrition like fishes, and meat. But since pandas only consume bamboos (they also eat meat, but the amount of meat is very small), they waste a ridiculous amount of time (about 10 to 16 hours per day) just for eating, they have to sit and eat a large amount of bamboo to gain enough energy. There are facts that pandas need to consume an average of 20 to 40 pounds of bamboo each day, whereas the Toronto’s zoo claims that they need to consume about 93 to 141 pounds per day. I don’t really know which of them is more reliable but I know one thing, that is a huge amount of bamboo. Since pandas cannot digest bamboo completely, the bamboos just go straight down, so pandas have to â€Å"let it go† more than one time a day, which will cause them to lose some energy and then, they start over. Pandas don’t do much, they just eat, poop, eat again, and sleep, and eat again, they don’t have much energy to do other things essential for them, like mating, rising their kids properly. Fun facts: pandas are all bamboo heads, hollow. When mama pandas born baby pandas, they often forget that they are their kids, and don’t even bother take care of them; some pandas are trying to quell their little ones by rolling on them, probably kill the babies too, glad that I am human baby. Moreover, panda is an endangered species, due to just have enough energy to eat, sleep, and poop, pandas do not seem to care about mating at all. For animals, not be able to reproduce is quite critical since they cannot pass down their genetic information to their offspring and might become extinct. According to WWF’s information in 2014, there are only 1864 pandas alive in the wild, a few hundred more in captivities, lucky enough, the number of pandas is said to be risen by 16,8 percent since 1970s. and keep on rising until the IUCN reclassified the species from â€Å"endangered† to â€Å"vulnerable† in 2015. It is really hard for a panda baby to be born and survived, even with the help from us human because of several reasons. First, female pandas only ovulate once a year in spring, and the amount of time to inseminate is only about 36 to 40 hours, if miss, we have to wait until next spring to do it again. Pandas are not even trying to be helpful during the process, they are very solitary creatures, they might try to kill each other if not caged separately, they are not good fathers either. In the zoo, at some point, human have to inseminate the panda artificially, so that they don’t miss the opportunity of having a panda baby. Also, it is hard to find pandas’ fetus by ultrasound, pandas are fat, even the experts might mistake between pandas’ fetus and their poo. Pandas don’t have a fix gestate term, it is some where between 3 to 6 months after insemination. After the baby is born, they hardly survive till maturity since pandas are not very good at taking care of their babies, they are blind, hairless, and don’t crawl until three months old. They are hard to fertilize, rarely mate, weak, unprotected from the environment, and experience bad parenting when still a cub†¦ those are the reasons why baby pandas are hard to be born and survive till maturity.Pandas are so lucky that they don’t even have nature predators in their habitat, they are safe in their bamboo forest, all by their own. But still, pandas’ cubs, which are helpless and unprotected, have to face many predators like leopards, and birds of prey until they are older. Believe me or not, humans are the most dangerous threat pandas ever encounter. We chopped their bamboos, destroyed their habitat for materials, for agriculture purpose, we hunt them down for their unique fur, we almost wipe them out from the Earth surface. Lucky for the pandas, laws had been created to protect them, anyone who try to hurt a panda will face harsh punishments. In conclusion, pandas are the most idiotic organism I have encountered. They are the failure of evolution, they try to become vegan while being a carnivore, their digest system doesn’t even change after centuries of eating plants, they hardly try to survive in nature, does not try reproduce even on the edge of extinction, they are hard to have babies, they are suck at parenting, and their babies are unprotected from the environment. They don’t behave like others animals, finding food, try to survive, try to reproduce. Pandas do none of them, they are just sitting around and eat and eat and eat, they do nothing for their life, or for their kids. Pandas are the stupidest of all organism on Earth. How to cite World’s Dumbest Animal, Papers

Pluto free essay sample

In the following essay the problems of Pluto Telecommunications will be outlined and analysed with recommendations offered as to how the issues can be addressed. Identification of the Problems: Communication has eroded between the three departments so that â€Å"they are actually working against one another†. This break down has resulted in lost orders and an increase in the number of complaints from customers. Many of the problems experienced probably stem from the rapid growth experienced by the company over the last 12 months. Ms Tsang is faced by the following issues: (a) Each department has its own aims and motivations which are all different from each other department. Hence there are three department subcultures that are not all integrated and are working almost as three separate businesses. It is no surprise that inter-department communication is poor. (b) Ms Tsang has a group of directors that are not prepared to voice their honest opinions. (c) Ms Tsang’s leadership is questionable given that she has been unable to coordinate the work of her three directors and hence their departments. Analysis of the problems: In the following analysis Pluto Telecommunications and her issues will be considered with regard to the individuals, the groups and the organisation. The environment in which Pluto operates will not be considered. Organisational Level of Analysis: 1. The culture: The divergence of the three departments and their separate subcultures has made it very difficult for the unitary organisational culture that Ms Tsang promotes, to become established. In truth the rapid growth that has occurred in the last year has meant that this unitary vision has not been integrated enough. It can be assumed that in an industry where customers’ needs are rapidly evolving that Pluto’s culture has a strong focus on adaptability. This has meant that individual departments have developed their own subcultures unchecked and therefore there is no one single view of what is, and what is not, acceptable. 2. The structure: The business is built on departmental silos. Each department reports to each department head who then reports to Ms Tsang. Mathew Craven reports that â€Å"(such) differentiation may indeed be appropriate for the turbulent and uncertain telecommunications environment and this accords with theories of structure-environment fit with the separate groups in the company being able to respond to changes in technology reasonably efficiently. The issues arise from the lack of integration of the departments with management theorists advocating departmental interdependence and the need for higher levels of integration in more turbulent, complex and uncertain environments. Fig 1 shows that Pluto’s structure more closely resembles that of a mechanistic organisation that would suit operating in an environment that has far less uncertainty. ‘Mechanistic’ Form Pluto Telecommunications ‘Organic’ Form Specialized Tasks Specialized Tasks Flexible Tasks Standard, formal procedures Standard, formal procedures Highly Informal Centralised power and control Centralised power and control Decentralised power and control Vertical Communications Vertical Communications Lateral Communications Command and Control Command and Control Advice and Information Fig 1: Comparison of Pluto Telecommunications to the Burns Stalker model. Group Level of Analysis: 1. The culture: The different cultures that exist in each department have evolved because of the variable level of uncertainty that is encountered by that department. Hence there is a high level of internal differentiation created by differences in departmental structure, goals, orientation to time and interpersonal relationships. i. Sales: The sales team operate in a performance based culture. They are rewarded individually and competitively and bear symbols such as company cars, mobile phones and laptops. These symbols reinforce the top-dog sales culture. ii. Customer Service: Charles Handy (Handy, 1986) provides an accurate description of this group as fitting into a Role Culture with resources being tightly controlled; the structure is highly formalised where position power and rules are the main basis of influence. Authority is defined clearly and the formal work style although perhaps suitable for engineering work, will hinder the department in communicating with other departments where the style is less formal. iii. Marketing: There is clearly a reluctance of staff to get involved with the other departments. This culture is reinforced by their geographical location (London based and remote from other functions) as well as a cosy, we-all-went-to-university clickiness. 2. The structure: The high level of environmental uncertainty has impacted upon the structure (Lawrence and Lorsh, 1969). Fig 2 shows the differences in goals and orientations of the three departments. This has created a high level of internal differentiation created by differences in departmental structure, education, goals, and orientations to time and interpersonal relationships. Sales Department Customer Service Department Marketing Department Goals Sell product Quality Marketing campaigns and pricing Time Horizon Short Short Long Interpersonal Orientation Social Mostly task Task Formality of Structure Less formal Formal Less formal Targets Well defined and highly rewarded Well defined and poorly rewarded Poorly defined and no reward. Fig 2: The differences in department orientations and goals within the organisation. Individual Level of Analysis: 1. Leadership of the senior team: Leadership has been defined as the creation of a vision about a desired future state which seeks to enmesh all members of an organisation in its net (Bryman, 1986 cited by Buchanan and Huczynski, 1997). In this respect Ms Tsang has failed. Her directors are culpable of Groupthink possibly as a result of being involved in a highly fluid and competitive operating environment and as such have made flawed decisions so as to maintain harmony in the senior team. 2. Motivation: Fig 3 shows the difference in department motivations with a clear bias towards extrinsic motivations and a preference for driving individual performance. In addition there is clearly only one team that has a vested interest in innovation while marketing appear content to keep the status quo while customer service appear focused on ‘just not being the worst performer!’. Sales Department Customer Service Department Marketing Department Motivation Extrinsic financial reward based on sales Extrinsic fear of failure and company recriminations Extrinsic and related to working conditions etc. Pros Drives short term behaviour and temporary inflation of sales None None Cons Drives individual behaviour Drives a culture of just doing enough Drives individual behaviour that may not be aligned to the organisations goals Impacts on relationships with other departments Drives individual behaviour Fig 3: Motivation of departments. Alternatives: Fig 4 shows the various alternatives that are open to the organisation. An assessment of the value of these alternatives has been made so as to aid a final recommendation to management: Alternative Narrative Pro Con Change the organisation structure Restructure so as to focus on a divisional (market focused) structure rather than the incumbent functional structure Greater task-goals integration Expensive Decentralisation Duplication of resources Increased autonomy Control problems with managing such issues as project investment decisions Modify the reward structure Job re-design using job enrichment principles to focus on intrinsic factors as well as extrinsic factors Greater task-goal integration Will take time Decrease employee churn and absenteeism Chance of loss of control Expensive Root branch senior team replacement Use the opportunity to remove the department directors and create the impetus to change with new leadership Provides a compelling and clear message that unity is an imperative Expensive New ideas and renewed energy Loss of experience Will take time for new directors to make a difference Relocation Bring the whole company under one roof Provides a compelling and clear message that unity is an imperative Expensive although overhead savings in the long term Should improve communication and departmental understanding Disruptive Develop a new department Invest in the formation of a department offering integration services e.g. project managers Provides a compelling and clear message that unity is an imperative Expensive Provides expertise in integration Invest in strategies to combat Groupthink After the Cuban Missile Crisis JFK focused on inviting external experts to share their viewpoints, dividing groups so as to reduce cohesion and absenting himself from the meeting to avoid pressing his own viewpoint. Ms Tsang could do the same. Increase debate Too much conflict could be unconstructive and hamper change efforts Improve the quality of decisions and make them more rational Dampen bias Fig 4: Table to show viable alternatives and a balanced view of pros and cons. Managerial Recommendations: Fig 5 shows the recommendations within the short, medium and long term timescales. It is anticipated that following the recommendations of Kotter and Schlesinger (1979) that a strategy would be adopted that involved education communication. It is to be expected that if the imperative is to drive inter-departmental communication then the process should begin with communicating widely with the business. Timescale Activity Narrative Short Combat Groupthink This will involve developing a cross departmental working party that can consider the issues that have been presented and offering solutions Develop a cross-functional project focused working party Medium Modify the reward structure and re-design jobs to focus on intrinsic factors The recommendations of the working party will inform this decision. Long Relocate core business functions to be under one roof Fig 5: A tempo for managerial recommendations for change.

Jimi Hendrix Why He Desrves World Recognition Essay Example

Jimi Hendrix: Why He Desrves World Recognition Paper Jimi Hendrix is one of the greatest and influential guitarists in rock history. During his career, he revolutionized the sound of rock, and changed it greatly. Hendrix was a major influence in music and with his beliefs. Jimi Hendrix was a positive influence on the world, and his music and views continue to inspire many people. Jimi Hendrix was born in Seattle, Washington on November 27, 1942. Throughout his childhood, his family dealt with financial problems, and he was sometimes put in the care of friends and family. By the time he was nine, his parents had divorced, and was occasionally sent to live in Vancouver, British Columbia with his grandmother. Around the age of fifteen is when he started to pursue his love of music. His first acoustic guitar was given to him for five dollars, and he immediately began to learn to play by listening to records, and through tips from other players. In 1959, his father bought him his first electric guitar. Hendrix’s main influences were Elvis Presley, blues music, such as the Muddy Waters and B. B. King. Another big influence came from the western movie â€Å"Johnny Guitar† because the main character is a hero that doesn’t carry a gun, but only a guitar. Jimi Hendrix has had an obvious contribution to society in music. But many people don’t know that he also contributed by joining the army. He was assigned to the 101st Airborne Division and was stationed in Kentucky. Unfortunately, after a year, he was discharged because during his twenty-sixth parachute jump, he broke his ankle. Secondly, and more importantly, his greatest contribution was his advances in music. We will write a custom essay sample on Jimi Hendrix: Why He Desrves World Recognition specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jimi Hendrix: Why He Desrves World Recognition specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jimi Hendrix: Why He Desrves World Recognition specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He furthered the range of the electric guitar, establishing it as a unique source, rather than amplified guitar, and blended many styles of his voice and his guitar style. Along with other bands during his time, he furthered the development of hard rock, heavy metal, and blues. Hendrix’s contributions to music can not be overstated, and without a doubt, they still impact many people, more specifically, musicians. Although he was unable to read music, and he was self-taught, he was a music genius. He pioneered the use of effects, like wah-wah, phasing, and fuzz tone, which have become part of rock music. His precision and speed with his guitar, have influenced people to try to aspire to play half as good as him. All of his contributions have lasted almost thirty years because Jimi Hendrix was a major force in music then, and was so powerful, that they have all continued to influence and inspire people. There are really only two areas of the world that Hendrix has influenced, and that is Europe, Japan, and the United States. He initially had success in Europe, and throughout his career he made fans such as Eric Clapton, members of The Beatles and The Who. In the United States, his fame came later, although he was already internationally known. Many people have been affected by Hendrix’s music, and have been influenced to pursue careers, and have become great fans of his. Jimi Hendrix has influenced artists in the funk genre of music like The Isley Brothers and Prince. Also, his influence in music extends to rap music, and to artists such as Wyclef Jean and Chuck D of the group Public Enemy. The world has greatly benefited from Jimi Hendrix, simply in the fact that everyone can relate to music, and he made it easy for everyone to listen and enjoy it. Hendrix made rock music different and unique. In conclusion, Jimi Hendrix has revolutionized the sound of rock music, and pioneered new advances in the music as well. He has influenced people that like completely different types of music other than rock. Not only that, but he made the music because of his love for it and wanted it to be perfect for everyone. He succeeded greatly with that, and even with his untimely and tragic death, to this day, people continue to love his music. Jimi Hendrix played the music so that everyone could relate to it, and because of that he is known as one of the greatest and most influential guitarists and music artists of all time.

Essay on Immigrant Minors and Child Protective Services

Essay on Immigrant Minors and Child Protective Services Essay on Immigrant Minors and Child Protective Services Essay on Immigrant Minors and Child Protective ServicesThis paper discusses the role of child protective services in the life of immigrant minors who face abuse and neglect caused by their parents. Immigrant minors encounter considerable challenges because of the long-term adaptation in the new country. As parents are considered to be the primary caretakers of their children, they should bear responsibility for the development of them. Unfortunately, in many immigrant families, parents are maltreating their children. The professionals of child protective services are focused on providing protection from any negative factors that may cause damage to immigrant minors’ psychological, emotional and developmental well-being. The U.S. law guarantees protection from negative effects of environment and personal experiences, including child abuse and neglect.Introduction  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Children of immigration face considerable challenges in the new country because of the long-term adaptation. Parents are considered to be the primary caretakers of their children. In many immigrant families, â€Å"parents are maltreating their children† (Lansford et al., 2009, p. 297). Children should be protected from any negative factors that may cause damage to their psychological, emotional and developmental well-being. The U.S. law guarantees protection from negative effects of environment and personal experiences, including child abuse and neglect. Child protective services (CPS) are an effective system of intervention of child abuse and neglect in the USA. The major goal of the CPS is to use the proper strategies in order keep the child in safety, and if the child is at risk in his /her home, to develop an effective plan to solve the existing problems. Immigrant children need support and protection. According to the CPS experts, â€Å"cultural competency with immigrant children and their families requires not just learning about culture, but also having an understanding of the process of migration, the reasons families migrate, and the process of acculturation and related family or marital stressors† (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Official Website, 2014). Child protective services help immigrant minors to achieve cultural competence through effective practices.Child protective services: background information  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Child protective services (CPS) is a governmental agency specially developed to address the issues of child abuse and neglect. The responds provided by the child protective services agency are based on the established laws. This organization can be found practically in all states of the USA. Some organizations in the field of child protection are aimed at addressing family-centered issues, e.g. Department of Children Family Services and Department of Social Services.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The CPS activity is focused on the established laws, including Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, Indian Child Welfare Act, Multi-Ethnic Placement Act, Adoption and Safe Families Act and other laws and regulations. Special attention is paid to the issues of child abuse and neglect, family violence, etc.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The history of child protection services is long. In the U.S., child protection had been included in social justice reform, which was launched in the 1800s (McDaniel Lescher, 2004, p. 32). The story of Mary Ellen Wilson was one of the first cases of child abuse that received wide publicity in the U.S. in 1875. The young girl who was abused by her caregivers involved public concerns. The concerned citizens wanted to help the child through the involvement of various organizations in New York City that provided various social services. As a result, legal assistance was obtained from American Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) (McDaniel Lescher, 2004).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since that time, the scope of child protective services has increased. Due to the rapid growth of various types of child protective services, as well as the significant effects of various interventions in this field, healthy environment was created to produce accountability in decisions and actions taken by the organizations and general public (Klein-Rothschild Brittain, 2004, p. 494). Today a wide range of child protective services and interventions are aimed at making a difference, providing safety for children (McDaniel Lescher, 2004).   The CPS agents use the proper skills and abilities to enhance the well-being of children of different age groups, including immigrant minors.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Actually, child welfare laws and policies developed and implemented in the USA and other countries help immigrant children exposed to domestic violence, no matter what country their parents have arrived from (Klein- Rothschild Brittain, 2004; Song, 2004).Today the professionals of child protective services thoroughly investigate all causal factors that lead to child abuse and neglect. The police have adopted to provide mandatory reporting procedures for any type of domestic violence that encounter in immigrant families. Besides, child protective services agents protect children from witnessing domestic violence (Song, 2004).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In general, the current rate of immigration requires effective child protective services initiatives and procedures. Many immigrant families move to the USA and other countries knowing nothing about the laws and regulations. The professionals of child protective services use the proper strategies to better understand the etiology of immigrant minors’ maltreatment. According to researchers, there are several predicting factors that can give explanation to child abuse and neglect by immigrant parents (Alaggia Maiter, 2013).   These factors include:Parent-related factors, such as the history of child abuse, personality traits, various psychological resources, etc. (Alaggia Maiter, 2013)Child-related factors, such as age of a child, some problems with physical health of a child, behavior patterns, personality type and temperament, etc.The effectiveness of community and social support networksNegative environmental factors that may create negative conditions, resulting in child abuse (Alaggia Maiter, 2013, p. 250).The professionals of child protective services take the above mentioned factors into consideration in order to find the most appropriate approaches to solving the existing problems. To have a better understanding of the strengths of immigrant families, child protective services are focused on the cultural aspects of each family. The professionals of child protective services realize that for immigrant families, â€Å"these so-called risk factors may be exacerbated by the process of migrati on and the associated psychological distress and settlement struggles that may arise† (Alaggia Maiter, 2013, p. 249). Undoubtedly, migration leads to serious psychological problems that may result in child maltreatment. The attitudes of immigrant parents toward their child’s obedience and corporal punishment may vary. The knowledge of existing cultural factors helps to better understand child abuse and neglect in immigrant families (Alaggia Maiter, 2013). According to researchers, â€Å"different families from a particular ethno-cultural group or from an immigrant group will exhibit differential behaviors, depending on their niche within this ecological framework†(Alaggia Maiter, 2013, p. 249).Essay on Immigrant Minors and Child Protective Services part 2

What Do I Do After Graduation Part 2

What Do I Do After Graduation Part 2 What Do I Do After Graduation? Part 2 If you’re still asking yourself what you should do after graduation, know that the job of your dreams may, in fact, be within your reach. A well-written, comprehensive resume is the first step in getting there. (Consider using a professional resume writing service to help craft a winning one!) However, a good cover letter is just as important- perhaps moreso, especially if you don’t have a lot of experience to put on a resume. The cover letter shows off your personality and makes employers curious to know more about you. It allows you to expand on points in your resume that pertain to the position of interest. With specific keywords, your cover letter matches your qualifications and shows that youre a good candidate. A cover letter is the first thing a potential employer sees, so you want to make a good impression. It may not be read it if it’s long or rambling, so get to the point quickly and limit yours to one page or less. It should also give a good indication of your communication and writing skills. A clear and organized cover letter that’s free of grammatical errors says a lot about the applicant- even with just a quick glance. The tone of your cover letter should be positive, friendly, and confident. A cover letter has several specific goals: To introduce yourself and give the employer an idea of who you are To show that you have the skills and qualifications to do the job To provide additional information or expand on items listed on your resume To request a meeting or interview Address and Letterhead On the upper right corner of the page, put your name, address, phone number, email address, and a link to your website or LinkedIn profile. (You can also design your own letterhead to give your cover letter a more professional look.) The address of the company you are writing to goes on the left side underneath your personal information. Remember to leave space beneath this information before starting your letter. Your resume and cover letter are best formatted in size 12 font so they’re easy to read. Also use a font that looks professional, like Calibri or Times New Roman. Leave the Comic Sans or other childish fonts for another time. Salutation A salutation can be confusing for job applicants. Is ‘To Whom it May Concern’ or ‘Dear Hiring Manager’ correct, or is it better to include the name of someone specific? If the hiring manager’s name isnt mentioned in the job posting, make the effort to find out what it is. If possible, also use the person’s correct title, i.e. Ms., Dr., or Mr. Look for this information on the organization’s official website, LinkedIn profile, or simply call the company and ask for the person’s name and official title. If you don’t address the employer correctly, your cover letter could seem like a form letter instead. A proper salutation will show that you are someone who takes the initiative (and it could be a positive point in your favour). Opening paragraph The goal of the first paragraph is to express your interest in the position, so clearly state the title of the job for which you are applying. (It’s not necessary to explain where you saw the position advertised.) Then write a few sentences about why the position interests you. Make your statements brief and concise; you’ll expand on these points later in the letter. Middle Paragraph The middle paragraph is important because this is where you’ll explain your resume in more detail. Show the reader that you match all or most of their requirements. It’s also important to know if you’ll fit in with the company, so learn about the organization and have a good understanding of who they are and what they do. Perhaps research the hiring manager (or whoever will receive your letter) as well. Employers often match job applications to specific keywords from their ad, so use those words in your cover letter. (Keywords can be anything related to the position or its requirements.) Let your letter reflect the tone of the ad and highlight how your goals match the company’s mission. If you think you’re well-suited for the job, you may want to add another paragraph here. Once you’ve learned about the company, you can express how you think your specific goals and experience fit in with its mission and future plans. Comment on what you think you could specifically accomplish for them in light of all this information. Final Paragraph The final paragraph of the cover letter should be about two to four sentences long. The purpose of this section is primarily to mention the attached resume and stress that you’re open to meeting for an interview. Phrase the final sentence or two as a call to action, such as â€Å"Please give me a

Managerial Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Managerial Economics - Essay Example In general, the Coarse theory is a legal and economic theory which affirms that, where complete competitive markets with no transaction costs are, an efficient set of outputs and inputs from and to the production-optimal distribution will be selected. This is without paying regard to how property rights are being divided. The parties involved can negotiate or bargain terms beneficial to them than an outcome of a property rights assigned to them (Mankiw, 2007). This is to say that they are not completely obliged by the property rights to trade for as long as they are able to trade and produce an outcome that is mutually advantageous to all of them. For this to exclusively occur, then the cost of bargaining or any cost associated with it such as cost of meetings must be extremely costless as any cost at all will influence the outcome of the bargain. However, no exact definition of the Coarse theorem has been established (Sloman & Sutcliffe, 2003).Theory of the FirmEconomically, a firm is referred to as a legally organized and recognized organization that is designed with the main purpose of providing goods and services to the consumers. Coarse in establishing his theory, used applications based on the activities of the firm and related the same to the planning capability of a firm’s management. This might be metaphorically perceived as the firm being an island of planning in a sea of markets. When firms make decisions regarding production of the goods or services they produce., they do so guided by certain principles and which are as described by this theory proposed by Ronald Coarse (Rasmusen, 2007). This theory of the firm consists of several economic theories that seek to describe, explain and predict the nature of a firm. It seeks to answer questions about the existence of the firm, its behaviors and structures, their organization, the boundaries of firms and the heterogeneity of the performance of the firms. In reality, most firms are known to exist as alternative systems to the market-price mechanism if it can produce efficiently in a non-market environment. Consider an example of the labor market: it can be very costly for firms to produce efficiently if they have to hire and fire their employees based on the demand and supply conditions. Similarly, a shift by employees from one company to another everyday may be seen as costly or when companies shift each day in search of new suppliers (Williamson et al, 1991). This is because any action involves costs in it hence, the essence of firms’ transactions costs. The safest modality for the firm in such scenarios is to engage in long term contracts with either their workers or suppliers so as to be able to minimize on costs and at the same time maximize on the property rights.

The Plaza Hotel At New York City Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Plaza Hotel At New York City - Research Paper Example The original model of this hotel was changed after being renovated. When this hotel reopened in 2007, it was its 100th anniversary. It had undergone refurbishment at a cost of 4400 million. The internal structure and model of the hotel was changed from the original model to a newer model. Originally, when this hotel was constructed, it contained 805 rooms, 500 bathrooms, 10 elevators, a palm court with a Tiffany leaded glass domed ceiling, large private suites, and a two-story ballroom. However, on its re-opening in 2007, it had 282 guestrooms and 181 apartments (Turkel, 2010). This hotel is also associated with historical events in the New York. For instance, important political meetings in history were held at the Plaza Hotel. The Beatles, on their first visit to the USA, stayed in the plaza hotel, in February 1964. In addition, the Plaza Hotel hosted Katherine Graham and Truman Capote’s â€Å"Black and white† in the grand ballroom on 28 November 1966. Most importantly, in 1985, leaders of different developed countries converged at the Plaza Hotel to brainstorm financial global issues. It is while here that these political leaders signed the Plaza Accord after them reaching an agreement. These finance leaders were mainly from West Germany, France, Britain, United States, and Japan. The main agenda of the meeting was to agree on ways of lowering the price of US dollar against the currencies of other nations. The Plaza hotel has in the past accommodated a variety of famous people. These include performers, famous guests, and movie stars. For instance, those known to have visited include Elizabeth Taylor, Clara Bow, the Beatles, Cary Grant, Scott Fitzgerald, Marilyn Monroe, George Cohan, among others. These are famous authors, and actors in the world (Hession & Pickrel, 2007). The Plaza hotel is considered an oasis of culture. It has managed to sustain and enhance the culture

Biography of Aldous Huxley Essay Example for Free

Biography of Aldous Huxley Essay Aldous Leonard Huxley was born on July 26, 1894 in Surrey, England, as the third son of Dr. Leonard Huxley and Julia Arnold. Huxley was born into a long line of scientists and intellectuals. His grandfather Thomas Henry Huxley had the nickname â€Å"Darwins Bulldog† for his fierce defense of evolutionary science and for his passion for teaching Victorian scientific advancements to Britains working classes. Aldous Huxley was also related to the poet Matthew Arnold on his mothers side of the family. These two disciplines, literature and science, converged at the end of the Victorian era and characterize Huxleys own career and ambitions as an author, journalist, and humanist. Educated at Eton, Aldous Huxley was forced to leave the school at the age of seventeen due to an affliction of the eyes. He was partially blind for two or three years and therefore was unable to complete the rigorous scientific training he had undertaken. Though problems with his eyes would remain with him for the rest of his life, Huxley was able to attend Oxford where he received a degree in English literature. Huxleys career began in journalism and included music and artistic criticism as well as book reviews. He also began writing poems, essays, and historical pieces. Huxleys first introduction to British intellectual society occurred while working as a farm laborer at Garsington Manor, the site of the â€Å"Bloomsbury Society,† a group of public intellectuals that included Bertrand Russell. There he would marry Maria Nys and they would have one child, Matthew Huxley. He also wrote his first book, a volume of poetry called The Burning Wheel. While working as an editor for â€Å"House and Garden† during the1920s, Huxley wrote many novels including Brave New World. Huxley spent several years in Italy where he formed a friendship with D.H. Lawrence. They would remain close friends and Huxley would later edit Lawrences collected letters after his death. In 1937, Huxley moved back to the United States to live in Hollywood, California, where he helped write scripts for several Hollywood movies of the time, although he never had a lasting career in movies. After World War II, he famously became involved with the early psychedelic drug movement. Huxley was an early proponent of the use of LSD, mescaline, and peyote for their mind-altering effects. His 1954 book The Doors of Perception argued that through the use of psychedelic drugs, people would be able to â€Å"cleanse† the doors of perception in order to embrace the infinite reality of the world. A controversial figure for most of his life, Huxley died from cancer on November 22, 1963, only hours after President John F. Kennedy’s assassination in Dallas, Texas. By the time of his death, he was embraced in some circles as an intellectual and writer of the highest class, especially for his creation of the dystopian fantasy in his novel Brave New World and his engagement of the theme of commercialization in modern society. Others, however, saw him as a pseudo-scientist for his work in mystical traditions and his insistence on experiencing alternate realities through meditation, Eastern religions, and drug use. For his accomplishments, Huxley received the Award of Merit for the Novel from the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 1959.

Strange Behavior and Ghosts in Hamlet by William Shakespeare Essay

Throughout the play ‘Hamlet‘, we see that the protagonist seems troubled and quite isolated. The Shakespearean play is believed to have been first performed between 1600 and 1601 but not published until 1603. Hamlet is the young prince of Denmark, his mother Gertrude married her brother-in-law shortly after her husband (Hamlet’s father) died. In the Elizabethan era many people believed in supernatural forces and this is displayed within the play when Hamlet’s father returns as a ghost. Many people would argue that Hamlet is possessed and his madness and strange behaviour is partly due to his father’s death and his reoccurrence as a ghost. From the beginning of the play Hamlet seems as if he is emotionally unstable and unable to cope well with his emotions. The audience see this through Hamlet’s sadness over his father’s death. For example ‘I have of late†¦lost all my mirth’ (2,2,280). Hamlet says here that he has lost all of his happiness; this shows us as an audience that he feels empty and has nothing to feel happy or joyful about. Moreover we see that Hamlet is unable to communicate well with others and this backs up the point that he feels isolated and lonely. Shakespeare uses short sharp sentences to show that the character doesn’t want to converse, ‘Words, words, words’ (2,2,189). This is the response Hamlet gives when Polonius asks what book he reads. The reply shows that he doesn’t want to talk and is being quite dismissive when asked questions. Hamlet’s behaviour is obsessive at times in different ways. He is very focused as he is concentrating on fulfilling his late father’s task, which is to kill his Claudius (Hamlet‘s uncle) for betraying him. For instance, ‘A villain kills my father, and for that, I, his son, do ... ...ortant quote that could show that he is pretending is ‘, â€Å"I am but mad north-north-west: when the wind is southerly I know a hawk from a handsaw† (2,2,361–362). Here Hamlet basically says he knows what is what in which case he knows when he is seen to be mad. Finally, the way that Hamlet is perceived by the audience is different for everyone and is interpreted in many different ways. The other characters all believe that Hamlet is truly ill or mad, however most critics feel that this was a cover up plan so Hamlet could organise his plan to murder Claudius and the other characters would find it hard to believe Hamlet could murder somebody if he was truly insane. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. â€Å"The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark† Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts. 9th Ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2009. Print

Alternative education Essay

E-learning is an excellent option in education, particularly when there are hindrances to traditional learning situations. For example, some people wish to continue their educations but do not live within driving distance of a college or university and don’t find it feasible to relocate. E-learning is a viable alternative for these students. Another hindrance to traditional learning, especially in grades K through 12, is the â€Å"one size fits all† mentality it embraces. Many students just do not learn well in a traditional learning environment, but thrive in a more flexible setting. To address this issue, parents are turning to e-learning opportunities for their children. Some choose full-time enrollment in a virtual school, while others use e-learning to supplement a home school curriculum. In the business world, e-learning provides a way for companies to train and instruct employees without requiring them to travel to a central location. Convenience is one of the major advantages of e-learning. It allows students to work and learn at their own pace without the unyielding time restrictions of traditional learning. Because e-learning provides access to learning materials at any time, students have the flexibility to schedule around families, jobs and other activities. Another major benefit of e-learning is the accessibility it provides. Students can learn from anywhere in the world. This is an especially important consideration for students who wish to study in a different country. In addition, because e-learning can be done from home, students have less clothing and driving expenses than with traditional learning. A major disadvantage to e-learning is the self-discipline it requires. While being able to work at your own pace can be an advantage, it can also be a disadvantage. This is especially true for students who have difficulty with time management and procrastination. These students tend to be more successful with the structure of traditional learning. Another disadvantage to e-learning is the technology involved. Some people do not have ready access to a computer and Internet connection. And some who do have the required equipment feel ill-equipped to use it. Lack of interaction between teacher and student is another drawback to e-learning. Some students need the immediate feedback that interaction provides. E-learning greatly increases the availability of educational opportunities. Unfortunately, it also increases the number of scams related to online education. Persons considering e-learning possibilities should be alert to such scams and thoroughly investigate any program before making a commitment.

Gender Roles in Bless Me, Ultima

In Bless Me, Ultima Antonio understands gender as a very black and white issue. Just as he struggles with the ideas of religion, good and evil, death, and nature. Antonio struggles with how gender affects his life, and how he eventually must become a man. The most obvious example of Antonio’s perspective on gender roles comes with his view of the Virgin and God. â€Å"God was not always forgiving. He made laws to follow and if you broke them you were punished. The Virgin always forgave†¦The Virgin was full of a quiet, peaceful love†¦she was a woman†¦Her voice was sweet and gentle†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (44). Antonio believes firmly that The Virgin is the most pure form of woman. He prays at her feet every night in his living room. At one point, he notices that the paint on the statue is chipping, revealing a layer of white underneath. He uses this to indicate that she is pure in every form. Whenever Antonio thinks about religion, he thinks about the Virgin, and how forgiving she is, and how kind she is. Later on in the book, as he is considering if there can be other types of Gods, Antonia wonders if The Virgin is her own kind of God, and that is better because she is a woman and will understand more easily. Antonio is constantly reminded of the fact that he must become a man. His mother is worried, and his father is counting down the days. But no one seems to be giving him much of a choice. He will be educated, he will be a priest, he will be a farmer, he will be a Luna, he will be a Marez†¦ â€Å"My man of learning!†¦ My baby will be gone today,† she sobbed. â€Å"He will be all right,† Ultima said. â€Å"The sons must leave the sides of their mothers,† she said almost sternly and pulled my mother gently. † (53). Antonio is never allowed to be anything but a man of learning. Even in his times of struggle with the issue of becoming a man, Ultima is there to help him. She has no doubt that he will become a good man in time. At one point in the book, Antonio’s mother tells him it is a sin that he become a man, and yet she is also telling him that he must become a man. Her contradicting statements do not help Antonio with this struggle at all. His older brothers are also a bad influence. All they value is booze, money, and women, and they choose to go wander through foreign cities. Antonio sees the effect this has on everyone, and decides early on that he won’t be like them. The most important woman in Antonio’s life is Ultima. He holds her to the same standard as he does the Virgin; that she is forgiving, wise and full of love. â€Å"Ultima has sympathy for people, and it is so complete that with is she can touch their souls and cure them. † (248). To Antonio, Ultima’s pure form of sympathy is equivalent to the pure forgiveness of The Virgin. â€Å"There isn’t a family she did not help,† she continued, â€Å"no road was too long for her to walk to its end to snatch somebody from the jaws of death, and not even the blizzards of the llano could keep her from the appointed place where a baby was to be delivered†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (3). This is the first time Antonio hears of Ultima, so when he meets her, he is already full of expectations. He is expecting a miracle worker, and he gets one. Antonio learns that his other struggles; religion, life, and death are not so simple. They are more than just black and white. However, he never seems to move beyond the idea of gender role strictness. Women are soft and forgiving, and men are strong. But maybe in his future, he will lean that the roles of men and women are not as black and white as they seem.

Families Assessment in Nursing essays

Families Assessment in Nursing essays Increasingly nursing is recognizing the significance of the family to the health and well being of individual family members (wright The CFAM is an integrated conceptual framework developed by Wright and Leahey for use when interviewing and making assessment of families. The CFAM consists of three major categories: structural, developmental and functional. Each category contains its own subcategories that may be relevant or appropriate depending on the family being assessed. This assessment focuses on the interaction among all of the individuals withing a family. Structural assessment aims to identify who is in the family, relationships among family member and those outside the family, and the family's context. (Wright and Leahey, 2000). The Smith family is a white single parent family consisting of Heather and her two year old daughter Brianna. Brianna's father has not lived with them for a year and a half and currently lives two hours away, as do Heather's family. Brianna has weekly contact on the phone with her father and stays with him one weekend a month. Heather's parents divorced when she was th...

Immanuel Kant Ethical Theory Part A

Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is a normative ethical theory. According to Bentham, the utilitarian principle discloses that the action of morally right when it promotes the maximum happiness for a majority of the citizens (Dion, 2012, p. 10). Therefore, utilitarianism can be expressed by, the greatest good for the highest number. In Ted 's situation, utilitarianism theory explains option in paying the inspector $500.00 would be most preferable as it will maximise happiness for Ted, his employees and the inspector. Kantian Ethics Kant 's ethical theory is deontological theory. In deontological theories actions are evaluated as ethical or unethical based on one duty. Kantian ethics theory includes duty for the sake of duty regardless to human happiness, unlike utilitarianism. Immanuel Kant defined duty as â€Å"the action which is objectively practical according to this law and excludes inclination from its determining grounds is called duty† (Kant, 1956, p. 83). According to Kant, all acts have a maxim. Maxim is a rule or principle. He mentions, â€Å"So act that the maxim of your will could always hold at the same time as principle establishing universal law† (Kant, 1956, p. 30). He makes an effort to provide a universal law which is correct under any conditions for everybody. Therefore, it can be concluded that Kantian ethics emphasises a universal morality. According to Kantian ethics, action is ethical if it 's satisfied the categorical imperative test (Strategies,The easy accessibility of pornography and long term exposure to it from an early age can lead to damaging views about women or even correlate with violence and sex crimes. Young males especially are targeted and pressured by peers and society to consume porn and throughout time, may become desensitized to the brutality, violence and degradation depicted in it. Now that does not necessarily mean every male will go out and commit a sex crime, but it has been studied that males who view porn frequently have less empathy for rape victims and may exhibit aggressive behavior and or hold negative opinions about women. In order for these increasingly negative attitudes towards women, the policies and regulations surrounding how easy it is to find porn, very much need to be altered. Pornography can play a major role in affecting the brains of young males who watch it, and by result can influence them to be violent towards women. As technology has progressed and with the internet flourishing over the past 20 years, in comes the inevitable chance of finding porn. A computer with internet access can typically be found in almost every household in the country, and thus –the increase of porn exposure. For males in particular who are more likely to search for it, pornography becomes available at every corner of the web by a simple Google search to a free porn site, or even in advertisements. The porn exposure typically begins at an early age, â€Å"9 out of 10 boys are exposed to pornographyWilliam Blake The Tyger And Walt Whitman Poetry The two poems that have to deal with the philosophies of human nature are William Blake’s â€Å"The Tyger† and Walt Whitman’s â€Å"Song of Myself.† Blake’s poem is based off the Romantics and Walt Whitman is an American Naturalist that is based off free verse a form that he created. William Blake’s poetry is considered through the Romantics era and they access through the sublime. The Romantics poetry through the sublime is beyond comprehension and spiritual fullness. A major common theme is a nature (agnostic religion). In William Blake’s poem â€Å"The Tyger† he describes the tiger as a creature that was created by a higher power some time before. In Blake’s poem he questions, â€Å"What immortal hand or eye/ Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?† (Blake 22-23). He describes the tiger as a form of symmetry that can be seen as evil, yet have intriguing features such as those that make the tiger a beautiful creation. Blake also questions if that the higher being who created the tiger also created all else around the world such as a human being. Blake shifts his first stanzas from the tiger to the creator. Not only is he questioning who created the tiger, but he is also describing the beauty and evil of the world. The beauty that the Romantics believe in is nature and one evil seen through the world is materialism that distract humans from the beauty of nature 's gifts. He believes that people lose touch with spirituality when haven’t given to nature. Blake also illustrated his own works throughMod2 Week 1 Hand in Assignment Review of Oviatt and... MOD2 WEEK 1 HAND IN ASSIGNMENT REVIEW OF OVIATT AND McDOUGAL'S "Toward a Theory of International New Ventures" Oviatt and Mcdougall in their paper, Toward a Theory of International New Ventures, tried to identify and define International New Ventures in the context of the global marketplace. Their work gained global acclaim in its bid to pose questions about the validity of existing theory on internalization. A decade later, Zahra’s work titled â€Å"A theory of international new ventures: A decade of research† attempts to build on prominent aspects of the work of Oviatt and McDougall with the hope of highlighting their important contributions to the field of international new ventures. I will attempt to highlight the areas where Zahra’s work To understand whether the actions carried out was rational or whether it did more harm or good, it is necessary to review the development of RDS in a preterm baby. Neonatal RDS is a condition of increasing respiratory distress commencing at or shortly after birth (BAPM-2006). It’s the single most important cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants (Greenough, et al 2004). Typically RDS affects preterm infants with the incidence being inversely proportional to the gestational age (Stewart 2005) Approximately 60% of those born before 28 weeks gestation are affected (Fraser, et al 2004) Incidence also increases in infants of diabetic mothers those born via elective caesarean section (Fraser, et al 2004) and perinatal asphyxia (Rodriguez, 2003). RDS is characterised by tachypnoea, nasal flaring, intercostal and sub costal in drawing with sternal retraction and a predominantly a diaphragmatic breathing pattern and a characteristic expiratory grunt or moan and cyanosis without oxygen, all persisting within 4-6 hours of delivery. Diagnosis can be confirmed by history, blood gases showing impaired respiratory function and an X-ray film showing ground glass appearance and air bronchograms (Fraser, et al 2004) RDS is caused by a defective or delayed production of surfactant in structurally immature lungs. Surfactant is a complex mixture of phospholipids and proteins secreted by the typeThroughout recent history, our planet’s climate and environment has slowly been changing due to the many effects of global warming. Unfortunately, global warming has been an ongoing issue for decades. Between 1956 - 2005, the average Earth’s temperature rose .13 degrees Celsius per decade (Amadeo, par. 1). Not only did the average temperature of the climate increase, but the average temperature of the ocean increased as well. Ever since 1978, the ice caps have been melting at a rate of 2.7% per decade (Amadeo, par. 2). Climate change has been a constant reminder of our planetary warming. Even though these problems have been present for so long, people are not realizing the gravity of this issue. Global warming and sea level rise are not only causing the climate to change; they are also negative ly affecting organisms and habitats, the economy, and various coastal regions. It is undeniable that our planet is changing and getting warmer. The temperatures are rising; ice caps and glaciers are melting; sea levels are increasing, and natural disasters have been occurring more and more frequently. Years ago, scientists assumed that if planetary warming could be maintained below two degrees Celsius, perils such as sea level rise could be avoided (Carey, par. 1). However, it seems that this indication wasn’t exactly the case. Ongoing research suggests that three global feedback mechanisms seem to be pushing the earth into a more rapid period of climate change: altered ocean

Variables that Affected Voter Turnout Rates in the 2012 Presidential Research Paper

Variables that Affected Voter Turnout Rates in the 2012 Presidential Elections In the United States - Research Paper Example Did various demographic variables affect the voter turnout during the 2012 presidential elections of the United States? The 2012 presidential elections voter turnout rate was lower compared to the previous 2008 elections, as shown in the diagram below. According to many scholars and academicians, various demographic factors were responsible for the decreased voter turnout. This research, therefore, seeks to provide a concrete answer or response to this question, putting into consideration various demographic variables associated with elections and voter turnout rates. At this juncture, it is worth noting that the actual voter turnout was 66.65%, a figure that is arrived at after comparing the 129,067,662 individuals who voted out of the 193,653,908 registered voters (I.D.E.A 1). A number of scholars and academicians alike have attributed various factors, both demographic and demographic, to the decreased voter turnout rate in the year 2012. In his article, â€Å"why is turnout so low in United States elections†, Eric black has considered two major non-demographic factors. Black attributes the low turnout rates to the legal requirement of voter registration. According to him, many people are unable to vote simply because they do not like the cumbersome and complex procedure of voter registration. The other factor he considers is the voluntary voting, which allows people the liberty to choose whether to vote or not. The United States citizens are not compelled to exercise their civic and political right of voting, and therefore the voter turnout rates will always remain low. The Institute of Democracy and Electorate Assistance (IDEA) has also conducted a research and compiled data regarding the same issue.

Should Companies Subscribe to Codes of Corporate Social Responsibility Assignment

Should Companies Subscribe to Codes of Corporate Social Responsibility - Assignment Example Elementary interpretation of the phrase ‘Corporate Social Responsibility’ calls for an investigation into the ‘supposed’ relationship between business and society. The hypothesis that there is a tangible link between business and society is the basis for the whole issue of Corporate Social Responsibility. One comes to the conclusion that the hypothesis is not true, when business, as all business, is considered. For instance, take the example of a logistics service, of any type for that matter. For example, in the case of a grocery supplier that charges farmers for transporting vegetables to the local market, there is little relation if any between business and the society at large. At least no responsibility in this case seems to arise directly from a business of this kind. According to Carroll & Buchholtz (2001), â€Å"when we speak of business and society relationships, we usually refer to particular segments or subgroups of society or to business and som e system in our society†. Why this consideration is important is because it rules out the possibility of applying any holistic theories of corporate morality and conduct to business – meaning all business. Conventional Social Responsibility Anyhow, there are businesses that can be considered to be linked to society. However a non-living body cannot be expected to ‘act responsibly’. Social responsibility is a doubtlessly well-understood term in educated communities. The description and limitations of the phrase are cemented concepts. One definition of social responsibility states that being socially responsible means â€Å"acting with concern and sensitivity, aware of the impact of your actions on others, particularly the disadvantaged† (Entrepreneur Magazine). Understandably a human can use his... Regardless of the current conditions of Corporate Social structures around the world, Corporate Social Responsibility is an issue that ought to be advocated. By most contemporary definitions, CSR is the â€Å"duty of every corporate body to protect the interest of the society at large†. It is not only a responsibility of corporations to keep a check on the potential environmental damage they might be doing but after the recent boom in communication systems it is becoming an ever larger necessity for organizations as people learn to care more about the world and its inhabitants. A simple rule to follow for publicly owned companies is to obey the principles of what Geoffrey P. Lantos calls ‘Ethical’ and ‘Strategic’ Corporate Social Responsibility and leave out those of ‘Altruistic’ CSR. This classification of CSR by Lantos is derived from the theories of ethics of duty (non-consequential). It is easy to see that the only condition in which CSR adherence is to be avoided is when it curtails the rights of the shareholders. As the human race moves towards greater organizational transparency in general and ever greater public access to information, indicators of greater influence of morality on the profitability of corporations are getting ever profounder. â€Æ'

Unit 4 Individual Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Unit 4 Individual Project - Essay Example on creates the incentive to trade the products you are good at producing in exporting transitions and the goods and services a country is not efficient at producing are imported into an economy. The end result of the trade activity among nation is a better standard of living of all the participating nations in international trade (Nobelprice, 2008). The Ricardian theory was derived from the principles of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory as far as its objectives. The theory is better than Heckscher-Ohlin because it adds the element of labor theory of value into the demand and supply approach used in the Heckscher-Ohlin economic model (Gontijo, 2000). Another major difference is the inclusion of the concept of competitive advantage into the Ricardian theory. Trade activity among trade partners positively affects the distribution of income of the countries involved in the transactions. The Heckscher-Ohlin model demonstrates the positive outcome of trade which increases the distribution of income the resident of nations. The way distribution of income is improved through trade is due to the appreciation of value as direct consequence of trade transactions. For example Argentina is able to produce apples at $1 a pound, and sells them in the open market at $1.75 per pound. In Brazil it cost $2 to produce the same apples, then Brazil has no incentive to produce apples since it can purchase them at $1.75 from Argentina. In the transaction Brazil acquired value in the form of $0.25 which is distributed in the economy of the nation and which positively affects the standard of living of all Brazilians. Factor endowment theory equalizes the relative costs between nations as well as the prices of factors of production (Csus). The principle assumption of the theory is that price equalization is derived from international activity trade among nations. The applicability of endowment theory is greatly enhanced by Leontief theory. The Leontief theory says that a country specialized in

Customer Needs And Expectations Tourism Essay

Customer Needs And Expectations Tourism Essay Lists of different places with different prices whether it is cheap or expensive or either it has a hotel or car package for the customers flights. It helps the customers to choose what they really like or what they can afford. British Airways did this because they knew that people have different taste, different needs and status in life. *British Airways achieved their customers expectations and needs by serving the main expectations and needs of their customers. E.g. they gave you an opportunity to book a flight; choose from their list of different places with different prices; you can change your booking and etc. They EXCEED their customers expectations and needs by doing things like: BA on your mobile -The British Airways app gives you all the information you need about your next flight in the palm of your hand- you can check in for flights; download and use mobile boarding passes; view the latest arrival and departure information; see upgrade offers for future flights; track any British Airways flight and Book a new flight by just using your phone. Mobile boarding pass All British Airways customers can now download a boarding pass on their phone, within 24 hours of flight departure. There is no need to print it as all the details are in the mobile boarding pass. The barcode is scanned as you move through the airport. With their mobile boarding pass, you will be able to store your boarding pass in your clear security; access British Airways lounges and board the aircraft *British Airways exceed the customers expectations and needs by giving their customers an easy way to access some informations about British Airways like they can book a new flight by just using their phone plus they can now download a boarding pass on their phone which is convenient for their customers. That was also unique for the customers because not all of the airlines have that kind of customer service. Information at the airport -London Heathrow, London Gatwick, London City and other airports Making a smooth getaway They know how busy any airport can be so they give a few pieces of information that could help ease the experience for their customers. Information that include: Where you can find their lounges Whether you want to catch up on work before you travel, enjoy a snack or simply unwind, youll find an area in one of their lounges to relax away from the busy airport environment with Wireless broadband provided by  Spectrum Interactive is free in all British Airways UK lounges.   Safety and security Checking-In Theyve made checking in fast and easy so you can spend more time doing what you want to do. -Mobile check-in . You can check in whilst travelling to the airport, or choose seats for tomorrows flight home without leaving the beach by just using your phone. *They exceed customer service by telling to their customers where can they see the lounges which is convenient for their customer because it can also allow them to surf internet and eat while waiting for their flight. It is useful especially for the business men/women and to the people rushing just to go to the airport so they can do their work by not just wasting time waiting for their flight and they can eat especially for the people who rushed to go to the airport that dont have time to eat. For their airports and other airports Terminals Check-in facilities at the airport Bag drop desks Terminal map Flight connections Transport links *They exceed their customer service by giving informations like where are their terminals checks in facilities, bag drop desks and terminal map which is really helpful for their customers because sometimes customers got lost at the airport because they dont know where they would go. In addition, usually instead of just waiting for their flights customers were still looking for their destinations at the airport to check in so it was an exceeding customer service and need especially when they also gave informations on some airports where customers over stop. On Board Childrens activities on board They understand that keeping your children happy will play a large part in making your flight as relaxing and enjoyable as possible. They have a number of activities designed to keep them entertained whilst flying with them. *They exceed their customer service by helping the parents of the children to make their children happy that really helps the parents to just relax and enjoy their flights without having some concerns that their children might get bored and irritated because usually children cried and got irritated during the flight that can cause an unpleasant experience for the parents. It was also an unusual customer service. In-flight meals All of their meals are carefully created by leading chefs, and wherever they can they incorporate seasonal produce in their dishes to ensure they use the freshest ingredients with the fullest flavour. Special and medical meals If you have special dietary requirements, you can let them know in advance and they will provide you with a suitable meal. You can request a special or  medical meal  through  Manage My Booking. Travelling with food allergies Theyre passionate about their food and work hard to ensure the meals you enjoy with them are prepared to the highest standard and with the finest ingredients. That includes providing a wide range of special meal options to cater for many food sensitivities and clear labelling of all their meals.   *They exceed their customer service by automatically giving the customer a special/dietary food that access foods that they require. This exceeds the customers expectations as the customer needs have been met without the customer requesting or having to ask as the proactive thinking of the staff have already acted on the customers needs before they have needed to ask or they can also ask you what are your dietary foods or foods that are not allowed for you. Travel Preparation Disability assistance To help us provide you with the necessary service for your needs please let us know how we can help you -Mobility assistance at the airport and in-flight -Mobility assistance provided at the airport Visually impaired passengers If you are visually impaired, they can offer: An escort to and from the aircraft. Individual safety briefings and assistance during the flight. Hearing impaired passengers If you are hearing impaired, they can offer: An escort to and from the aircraft. Separate briefings about safety procedures. Subtitles on the English version of the in-flight safety video. Induction loop facilities are available at most airports and on board through their in-flight headphones. Headphones compatible with standard hearing aids switched to the T position. Transporting your pet When you want to transport your pet, you can rest assured that they will take the very best care of them.  Pets must be booked to travel with British Airways World Cargo, and they will be carried in the aircraft hold.   -Travelling with a Guide/Assistance Dog They will make special arrangements for your Guide/Assistance Dog, to ensure they are able to travel with you in the aircraft cabin.   Certified  Assistance  Dogs for blind, deaf or disabled passengers travel free of charge in the aircraft cabin on most flights from the UK; and provided dogs are compliant with the Pet Travel Scheme, on all British  Airways routes approved by DEFRA to the UK. *Automatically booking the customers that have disabilities into a suit that has access facilities that they require. This exceeds the customers expectations as the customer needs have been met without the customer requesting any assistance or having to ask as the proactive thinking of the staff have already acted on the customers needs before they have needed to ask. They can also do that for the customers pets like dog/ cat. Flying with confidence The UKs most experienced fear of flying course. Is fear of flying holding you back? They can help you The  Flying With Confidence  courses are run by British Airways people who want to help you conquer your fear of flying. Their courses have been running for more than 25 years and have helped more than 45,000 people like you. Customer feedback shows that they have a 98% success rate in helping people like you to overcome their fear of flying. -Stop worrying, start flying Their one day course caters for many different needs, whether you have mild anxiety about flying or are unable to set foot on an aircraft. The courses are run by experienced British Airways pilots and crew as well as a Clinical Psychologist. At the end of the course, you will join others in  conquering your fear of flying  on a short flight with their team of experts. *It is an exceeding customer service because they not just booking you a flight but they also helping you to conquer your fear of flying which is really helpful. It helps because it makes their customer enjoy their flight without having a fear especially for those who has an anxiety of flying. The good thing is the effect of their help affect you throughout your life which really helps you to enjoy travelling without having a fear. This is not just a service for them but they also concern that your fear of flying can affect your work and life especially for business men/women because they are more likely to travel often and for the outgoing people that afraid to travel by a plane. Thorpe Park They MEET their customers expectations and needs by doing things like: Full Ride Listing THORPE PARK has so many awesome rides that we have had to stick them in a big list for your viewing pleasure. Book a Ticket Online/Phone and Book a ticket with Hotel Ticket Deals Opening Times *They meet their customers expectations and needs by serving the main expectations and needs of their customers. E.g. they gave you different ticket deals; look at the list of their rides; you can book a ticket with hotel; look at their opening hours and etc. They EXCEED their customers expectations and needs by doing things like: Park Map *Thorpe park exceed their customer service by giving/allowing their customers to print out a Park Map which help them to know the locations of the rides, food and drink stalls. It helps the customers to easily find the rides, toilets, food and drink stalls. Usually, for some amusement parks do not give a map of their amusement park that makes a hard time for the customers to find the rides, food and drink stalls. Therefore it is an exceeding customer service that they actually giving a park map to the customers without the request of the customers. Thorpe Park official APP THORPE PARK brings you the official iPhone and iPod Touch App. Its packed full of features to keep you entertained and informed at the nations Thrill Capital. You can also grab exclusive offers like: Park Map Interactive Park map that shows your exact location in relation to the rides, food and retail units, cash points, toilets and lockers†¦all via the iPhones GPS Ride Information See all the extreme thrills waiting for you on their rides, as well as videos and photos to really get the adrenaline pumping in anticipation. Offers Exclusive discounts and promotions to the Park as well as at the retail and food units. Park Info Information on THORPE PARK, including: opening times, upcoming events and directions to the Park. * Thorpe Park exceed the customers expectations and needs by giving their customers an easy way to access some informations about Thorpe Park like Park Map, ride information, offer and other park info. It really helps the customers because they can now browse some informations about Thorpe Park by just using their phone which is really accessible. Thorpe Park exceeds it by browsing the informations about Thorpe Park by just using a phone which is really preferable for their customers. DISABLED GUIDES BEFORE YOU ENTER THE PARK Parking Those holding a blue disability badge are required to pay  £3 for car parking. When a guest displays a blue disability badge, they can park in the disabled area of the car park, next to the Admissions area on a first come first served basis. Ticket Concessions We offer a concessionary admission price for disabled guests and one accompanying helper. We will require proof of entitlement before the concessionary rate is given. Such proof includes a blue/orange badge, Attendance Allowance book etc. Please note this is for Admission to the Park only and does not guarantee entitlement to a disabled Ride Access Pass from Guest Services. If you require any assistance when purchasing your tickets, please do not hesitate to speak to a staff member in the Admissions area. Guests using wheelchairs who have not pre-booked tickets in advance should use the access ramp at the Annual Pass Building to purchase tickets for THORPE PARK . When entering the Park please use the right hand gates at the turnstiles which have a wider access point. Annual Pass Holders with a registered disability have the option of a free helper pass. Please see ENJOYING YOUR DAY AT THORPE PARK Ride Access Passes Disabled guests who are unable to queue may be eligible for a Ride Access Pass for themselves and one helper. The wristband given will allow the disabled person and the helper to bypass the queuing system usually via the exit or designated entrance designed for ease of access. Proof of entitlement will be required before the Ride Access Passes are given. Such proof includes: Documentary evidence in the form of a letter from a GP or hospital consultant, which details reasons that the guest is unable to queue. Please note this must be seen by THORPE PARK every year, and this is different documentation to that required for admission to the Park. In certain situations (such as extreme weather conditions, mechanical problems or power interruptions) it may be necessary for guests to be evacuated from the rides, possibly from the highest point. We ask that any helpers are a minimum of 14 years old, and physically able to assist in the event of an evacuation. We can advise but it will always be up to the individual guest to decide whether or not they should ride. Ride Safety Several rides are unsuitable for guests with heart, back, or neck conditions, or expectant mothers and we strongly recommend those guests who have had recent surgery or an injury do not ride some of our more Thrilling attractions. On many of our rides guests need to have the ability to brace themselves in an upright position, and all rides require guests to keep their arms and legs inside the ride carriages, and remain seated at all times. Not all of our rides are suitable for all guests. Each ride has a strict operating requirements that all riders must meet. Please do not ask our staff to break these rules as they are there for your safety. As well as taking note of the ride restrictions, we also strongly suggest that you watch our rides in motion before making a decision on whether to ride. Toilet All toilet locations around the Park have access for guests with disabilities, and we operate the Nationally recognised RADAR key system to access them. If you dont have your own key, you can hire one from Guest Services for a  £10 refundable deposit. Guest Services Located in the lower level of the Dome, we are able to offer advice on ride access and restrictions along with offering guests with disabilities several options to make their experience at THORPE PARK both enjoyable and comfortable. *Thorpe Park automatically recommends the customers that have disabilities into a suit that has access facilities that they require. Thorpe Park recommends the annual pass and the wristband that allow them to park in the disabled area of the car park and allow those who are unable to queue may be qualified for a Ride Access Pass for themselves and one helper that they may be able to bypass the queuing system usually via the exit or designated entrance designed for ease of access. In addition, they tell what rides are suitable for them; all their toilets have access for guests with disabilities; they tell where the disabled toilet is and they offering several options for guests with disabilities. This exceeds the customers expectations as the customer needs have been met without the customer requesting any assistance or having to ask as the proactive thinking of the staff have already acted on the customers needs before they have needed to ask plus they really concern about the securi ty and safety of their guests.

Teaching Adults: Is it different? :: Education School Essays

Teaching Adults: Is it different? The adult education literature generally supports the idea that teaching adults should be approached in a different way than teaching children and adolescents. The assumption that teachers of adults should use a different style of teaching is based on the widely espoused theory of andragogy, which suggests that "adults expect learner-centered settings where they can set their own goals and organize their own learning around their present life needs" (Donaldson, Flannery, and Ross-Gordon 1993, p. 148). However, even in the field of adult education, debate occurs about the efficacy of a separate approach for teaching adults. Some believe that adult education is essentially the same process as education generally (Garrison 1994) and therefore does not require a separate teaching approach: that is, all good teaching, whether for adults or children, should be responsive in nature. The question of whether teaching adults is different remains ambiguous. For example, research summarized in an ERIC Digest(Imel 1989) has shown that even those educators who say they believe in using an andragogical approach do not necessarily use a different style when teaching adults. Additional myths and realities related to teaching adults are explored in this publication. Two areas are examined: types of adult learning and what learners themselves want from teachers. Different Types of Adult Learning One way to approach the question of whether teaching adults is different is by examining the types of learning in which adults engage. Drawing upon the work of Habermas and Mezirow, Cranton (1994) classified adult learning into three categories: Subject-oriented adult learning-In adult learning contexts that are subject oriented, the primary goal is to acquire content. The educator "speaks of covering the material, and the learners see themselves as gaining knowledge or skills" (ibid., p. 10). Consumer-oriented adult learning-The goal of consumer-oriented learning is to fulfill the expressed needs of learners. Learners set their learning goals, identify objectives, select relevant resources, and so forth. The educator acts as a facilitator or resource person, "and does not engage in challenging or questioning what learners say about their needs" (ibid., p. 12). Emancipatory adult learning-The goal of emancipatory learning is to free learners from the forces that limit their options and control over their lives, forces that they have taken for granted or seen as beyond their control. Emancipatory learning results in transformations of learner perspectives through critical reflection (Mezirow 1991). The educator plays an active role in fostering critical reflection by challenging learners to consider why they hold certain assumptions, values, and beliefs (Cranton 1994).

Health care challenges Essay

Our country is set to face a new way of managing health which could potentially change the environment on how nurses deliver care. As our nation prepares for the implementation of Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, nursing as a healing profession has to be open to what the future of health management holds. The goal is to have all registered nurses reach a high level of understanding and acquire tools necessary to provide the best possible way at a low cost. It is both moral and professional obligation of our leaders to ensure that highly competent and well trained nurses are available throughout this transition. To achieve this goal, nurse educators are the key players to train both novice and seasoned nurses to the change based on the new policies and evidence-based research. However, our Nurse Educators are overwhelmed with their current workload hence causing faculty shortage in the country. A recent study published on 2011 aimed to explore the relation of nursing faculty shortage to their workload, determine if there are evidences that the faculty workload is not equitable and the implication/effect to the nursing research and nursing academic. According to this study, there are multiple factors that influence the nursing faculty shortage such as lack of interest from the nurses to try academic careers, time spends to clinical practice defers pursuance into academic positions, low salaries, high educational costs, nursing education dissatisfaction and most importantly low institutional funding for additional nurse educator positions. Nancy Falk stated in her article that â€Å"despite current critical shortage and growing demand for nurses and nurse educators, federal funding falls far short of addressing these healthcare workforce challenges. Workforce projections suggest that the US will face a shortage of 285,000 nurses by 2015 and 500, 000 by 2025.† (Mason, Leavitt & Chaffee, 2012, p 58). Also, American Association Colleges of Nursing reported on 2011-2012, that nursing schools turned away 75,587 applicants who are qualified for baccalaureate and graduate nursing programs because of inadequate nursing faculty including clinical preceptors. These challenges ultimately impact the future of patient care if not addressed. Faculty leaders must work in partnership to create a strategy that will help prevent further faculty shortage by focusing on balanced faculty workload to avoid burnout. This article emphasized on the continuous support by government officials especially adequate funding to nursing education. AACN is allocating its resources to protect federal funding for academic development programs, identify strategies to prevent nursing educator shortage. Additional solution is to create a mentorship program for nurse faculty. This strategy was confirmed by various literature and studies to promote nursing faculty recruitment and retention. Mentorship brings encouragement and direction to clinical educators who are new to the role and prevent burnout. Health care system will be lost without nurses in our society. Statistic shows that there are currently 2.9 million nurses in the United States but nurses with special skills such as in education is extremely needed. Nurse Educators, in some ways, affect the lives of everyone. It is through this role where highly competent, compassionate healers such as nurses are produced. â€Å"The future of the nursing profession depends on a steady supply of nurses to provide the quality care to patients† (Cowen & Moorhead, 2011, p. 60)

How to Safeguard the Wellbeing of Children Essay

1.Understand the main legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding children and young people. 1.1Outline current legislation, guidelines and policies and procedures within own UK Home Nation affecting the safeguarding of children and young people. The Children Act 1989, carried out for the most part on 14 October 1991, introduced comprehensive changes to legislation in England and Wales affecting the welfare of children. The Act: †¢Reinforces the function of families through definition of parental responsibility †¢Legislates to protect children who may be suffering or are likely to suffer significant harm †¢Provides support from local authorities, in particular for families whose children are in need The main aims of the Act are; †¢To bring together private and public law in one framework †¢To encourage greater partnership between statutory authorities and parents †¢To promote the use of voluntary arrangements  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢To achieve a better balance between protecting children and enabling parents to challenge state intervention †¢To restructure the framework of the courts to facilitate management of family proceedings The main principles and provisions embodied in this legislation are that; †¢The welfare of children must be the paramount consideration when the courts are making decisions about them †¢Children have the ability to be parties, separate from their parents, in legal proceedings †¢The concept of parental responsibility has replaced that of parental rights †¢Delay in deciding questions concerning children is likely to prejudice their welfare †¢Certain duties and powers are conferred upon local authorities to provide services for children and families †¢Local authorities are charged with duties to identify children in need and to safeguard and promote their welfare †¢A checklist of factors must be considered by the courts before reaching decisions †¢Orders under this Act should not be made unless it can be shown  that this is better for the child than not making the order The Children Act 2004 (Every Child Matters) set out the national framework for delivering children’s services, and identified the Every Child Matters five outcomes for children and young people, which all professionals must work towards. The Government’s aim is for every child, whatever their background or their circumstances, to have the support they need to; †¢Stay safe †¢Healthy †¢Enjoy and achieve †¢Economic wellbeing †¢Positive contribution In addition to the Every Child Matters outcomes, The Children Act 2004; †¢Establishes the duties to ‘co-operate to improve well-being’ and to ‘safeguard and promote welfare’ of children and young people for the statutory agencies †¢Make local authorities responsible for publishing an integrated Children’s and Young People’s Plan, which describes how they intend to deliver outcomes specified in the Every Child Matters Framework †¢Gives local authorities the responsibility for setting up a Local Safeguarding Children’s Board (LSCB) †¢Gives local authorities the responsibility for the arrangements to set up Children’s Trusts, local partnerships between the public, private voluntary and community sectors Working Together to Safeguard Children 2010 is HM Government guidance that defines Safeguarding, Child Protection and Children in Need. Safeguarding as; †¢Protecting children from maltreatment, preventing impairment of children’s health or development, ensuring that children are growing up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care and undertaking that role so as to enable those children to have optimum life chances and to enter adulthood successfully. Child Protection as; †¢A part of safeguarding and promoting welfare. This refers to the activity that is undertaken to protect specific children who are suffering, or are at risk of suffering significant harm. Effective child protection is essential as part of wider work to safeguard and promote the welfare of children.  However, all agencies and individuals should aim proactively to safeguard and promote the welfare of children so that the need for action to protect children from harm is reduced. Children in Need as; †¢Those whose vulnerability is such that they are unlikely to reach or maintain a satisfactory level of health or development, or their health or development will be significantly impaired, without the provision of services. The Protection of Children Act 1999 is to provide protection for children. The key components of the Child Protection Act 1999 are; †¢The child’s right to protection is paramount †¢Families have primary responsibility for the care and protection of their children †¢The child and family have the right to participate in decisions †¢Parents and children have the right to information †¢Accountability is paramount †¢Culturally appropriate services need to be provided †¢Voluntary intervention is the preferred means of support †¢Non-voluntary intervention needs to be limited to the degree necessary to protect the child The Act requires support workers working in the sector to consider and act in the best interests of the child or young person and to report abuse and follow up disclosures of abuse. The Common Assessment Framework (CAF) is a key part of the Every Child Matters: Change for Children programme. The aim is to identify, at the earliest opportunity additional needs which are not being met by the universal services children are receiving, and provide timely and co-ordinated support to meet those needs. The CAF is voluntary and consent-based. It is underpinned by a partnership approach between families and practitioners, with emphasis on family-based decision-making. The CAF assesses the strengths and needs of the child and their family, and families play a big part when developing an action plan for meeting any identified additional needs. The CAF is designed to improve joint working and communication, and supports the sharing of information with consent. It is  not a referral to other services, but can be used as an evidence base to support referral where appropriate. A CAF should be done when; †¢There is parental consent – and young person consent if they are competent †¢There are concerns about progress or unmet additional need †¢Needs are unclear †¢The support of more than one agency is needed Leeds Safeguarding Children’s Board brings together representatives of each of the main agencies responsible for promoting children’s welfare, and helping to protect children from abuse and neglect. It is responsible for developing, monitoring and reviewing child protection policies, procedures and practice within Leeds, and for providing interagency training for staff across the city who work with children and families. Safeguarding Children and Safer Recruitment in Education was introduced in January 2007 by the Secretary of State and Education and Skills. It is a new vetting and barring scheme for all those working with children and young people. Regulations have been tightened and new guidance introduced to clarify responsibilities for safer recruitment. It looks at the recruitment and selection processes, recruitment and vetting checks, and duties for safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children in education. The publication also looks at dealing with allegations of abuse against teachers and other staff. The scheme includes; †¢Safeguarding children – additional guidance and advice †¢Safeguarding children in education †¢Recruitment and vetting checks †¢Dealing with allegations of abuse against teachers and other staff †¢Recruitment and selection The Education Act 2002 was developed to broaden teacher’s responsibilities in relation to child protection. Teachers and other staff in the education service have day-to-day contact with individual children. They are, therefore, particularly well placed to observe outward signs of abuse, changes in behaviour or failure to develop. 1.2 Explain child protection within the wider concept of safeguarding children and young people. All staff have a responsibility to safeguard children and young people. Today ‘child protection’ is vastly becoming replaced with ‘safeguarding’. It has a much broader range and was produced to provide a framework to protecting children and young people. There are specific recruitment, selection, training and vetting procedures such as CRB (Criminal Records Bureau) checks and disclosures. It also highlights the need to ensure that inappropriate behaviour does not take place and outlines the preferred means by which any allegations or suspicions are reported and acted upon. Safeguarding a child or young person is also to ensure that they have the opportunity to achieve their true potential and have the right to be protected from abuse. Any organisation that deals with children or young people must have a safeguarding policy in place that it is reviewed and updated regularly. All staff must know the policy and procedures to follow in the event of any cause for concern. It also highlights the importance of shared responsibilities as there can be many different agencies involved in dealing with each case. 1.3 Analyse how national and local guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding affect day to day work with children and young people My school, Pudsey Tyersal Primary School is committed to safeguarding and promoting the welfare of its pupils. We believe all staff and visitors have an important and unique role to play in child protection. My school believes that; †¢Schools can contribute to the prevention of abuse †¢All children have the right to be protected from harm †¢Children need support which matches their individual needs, including those who may have experienced abuse †¢Children need to be safe and feel safe in school Over all aims; To contribute to the prevention of abusive experiences in the following ways; †¢Clarifying standards of behaviour for staff and pupils †¢Introducing appropriate work within the curriculum †¢Developing staff awareness of the causes of abuse †¢Encouraging pupils and parental participation in practice †¢Addressing concerns at the earliest possible stage To contribute to the protection of our pupils in the following ways; †¢Including appropriate work within the curriculum †¢Implementing child protection policies and procedures †¢Working in partnership with pupils, parents and agencies To contribute to supporting our pupils in the following ways; †¢Identifying individual needs where possible †¢Designing plans to meet needs Pudsey Tyersal Primary School will fulfil local and national responsibilities as laid out in the following documents; †¢Working Together to Safeguard Children 2010 (please see 1.1 for information) †¢The Children Act 1989 (please also see 1.1 for information) †¢Leeds Safeguarding Children Board Procedures (2007)(please see 1.1 for information) †¢Safeguarding Children and Safer Recruitment in Education (DfES 2007) (please see 1.1 for information) †¢The Education Act 2002 (please see 1.1 for information) The previous listed guidelines, policies and procedures are conformed to daily by my school. It is my schools job to ensure that these measurements are adhered to. For example, if I was confronted by a child who tells me that he/she is being abused, I must act in accordance to the following guidelines; †¢Remain calm †¢Do not transmit shock, anger or embarrassment †¢Reassure the child and tell the child that I am pleased that he/she is speaking to me †¢Never enter into a pact of secrecy with the child. Assure him/her that I will try to help but let the child know that I will have to tell other people in order to do this. State who this is and why †¢Tell him/her that I believe them. Children very rarely lie about abuse; but he/she may have tried telling others and not been heard or believed †¢Reassure the child that it’s not his/her fault †¢Encourage the child to talk but do not ask ‘leading questions’ or press for information †¢Listen and remember †¢Check that I have understood what the child is trying to tell me †¢Praise  the child for telling me. Tell the child that he/she has the right to be safe and protected †¢Do not tell the child that what he/she has experienced is dirty, naughty or bad †¢Remember that it is inappropriate to make any comments about the alleged offender †¢Be aware that the child may retract what he/she has told me. It is essential to record all that I have heard †¢At the end of the conversation, tell the child again who I am going to tell and why that person or those people need to know †¢As soon as I can afterwards, make a detailed record of the conversation using the child’s own language. Include any questions I have asked but don’t add any opinions or interpretations I must not deal with this by myself. I need to inform the designated staff straight away, who, along with the Head teacher will contact Social Services. Children making a disclosure may do so with difficulty, having chosen carefully to whom they will speak. Listening to and supporting a child/young person who has been abused can be traumatic for the adults involved. Support for me will be available from my designated staff or Head Teacher. 1.4 Explain when and why inquiries and serious case reviews are required and how the sharing of the findings informs practice. Serious case reviews are undertaken when a child or young person dies (including death by suspected suicide) and abuse or neglect is known or suspected to be a factor in the death. Local Safeguarding Children’s Boards (LSCB) may decide to conduct a Serious Case Review whenever a child has been harmed in any of the following situations; †¢A child sustains a potentially life-threatening injury or serious and permanent impairment of physical and mental health and development through abuse or neglect †¢A child has been seriously harmed as a result of being subjected to sexual abuse †¢A parent has been murdered and a domestic homicide review is being initiated under the Domestic Violence Act 2004 †¢A child has been seriously harmed following a violent assault The purpose behind a Serious Case Review is to learn valuable lessons regarding the case and how well (or not) the local professionals and services worked together to safeguard and promote the welfare of that child or young person. This then helps policies and  procedures to be updated and improved to ensure that all agencies are effectively working together to promote child welfare and safeguarding and to act quickly and efficiently to prevent any form of child abuse. In all cases where abuse is suspected or a sustainable allegation is made, teachers and other members of staff should report the information to the designated teacher. The designated teacher should refer these cases to, or discuss them with the investigating agencies according to the procedures established by the local Area Child Protection Committee and the Local Education Authority. The overall aim of the new provisions is to place the education service’s responsibilities for making child protection arrangements on a legal footing and to provide further safeguards against child abuse. These will only prove successful if the Government, LEA’s and schools ensure that teachers are aware of their new duties and that they receive training in recognising the signs of child abuse. These new provisions also place a wider duty on schools, further education institutions and LEAs. These bodies now have a duty to safeguard and promote the welfare of children in relation to all functions relating to the conduct of a school. 1.5 Explain how the processes used by own work setting or service comply with legislation that covers data protection, information handling and sharing. In my placement school Child Protection information is dealt with in a confidential manner. A written record is made of what information has been shared with who and when. Staff will be informed of relevant details only when the designated staff feels their having knowledge of a situation will improve their ability to deal with an individual child and/or family. Child Protection records are stored securely in a central place, separate from academic records. Individual files are kept for each child. The school does not keep family files. Files are kept for at least that period during which the child is attending the school, and beyond that, in line with current data legislation. Access to them by staff other than the designated staff is restricted and a written record is kept of who has access to them and when. Parents are made aware of what information is held on their children and are kept up to date regarding any concerns or developments by the  appropriate members of staff. General communications with parents are in line with home school policies and give due regard to which adults have parental responsibility. In general, my school will discuss concerns with parents/carers before approaching other agencies, and will seek their consent to making a referral to another agency. Appropriate staff will approach parents/carers after consultation with the Designated Staff. However, there may be occasions when school will contact another agency before informing parents/carers, if the school decides that contacting them may increase the risk of significant harm to the child. My school works in partnership with other agencies in the best interests of the children. Therefore, school will, where necessary, liaise with the school nurse and doctor, and make referrals to Social Care. Referrals should be made, by the Designated Staff, to the Central Local Authority call centre, using the ‘Common Request for Service Form’. Where a child already has a social worker, the referral should indicate the fact and the social worker should also be informed. The school will co-operate with Children and Young People’s Social Care where they are conducting child protection enquiries. Furthermore, school will endeavour to attend appropriate inter-agency meetings such as Initial and Review Child Protection Conferences, and Planning and Core Group meetings, as well as Family Support Meetings. The school will provide reports as required for these meetings. If school is unable to attend, a written report will be sent. The report will, wherever possible, be shared with parents/carers at least 24 hours before the meeting. CYP Core 3.3: Understand how to safeguard the well-being of children and young people 1.Understand the main legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding children and young people. 1.1Outline current legislation, guidelines and policies and procedures within own UK Home Nation affecting the safeguarding of children and young people. The Children Act 1989, carried out for the most part on 14 October 1991,  introduced comprehensive changes to legislation in England and Wales affecting the welfare of children. The Act: †¢Reinforces the function of families through definition of parental responsibility †¢Legislates to protect children who may be suffering or are likely to suffer significant harm †¢Provides support from local authorities, in particular for families whose children are in need The main aims of the Act are; †¢To bring together private and public law in one framework  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢To encourage greater partnership between statutory authorities and parents †¢To promote the use of voluntary arrangements  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢To achieve a better balance between protecting children and enabling parents to challenge state intervention †¢To restructure the framework of the courts to facilitate management of family proceedings The main principles and provisions embodied in this legislation are that; †¢The welfare of children must be the paramount consideration when the courts are making decisions about them †¢Children have the ability to be parties, separate from their parents, in legal proceedings †¢The concept of parental responsibility has replaced that of parental rights †¢Delay in deciding questions concerning children is likely to prejudice their welfare †¢Certain duties and powers are conferred upon local authorities to provide services for children and families †¢Local authorities are charged with duties to identify children in need and to safeguard and promote their welfare †¢A checklist of factors must be considered by the courts before reaching decisions †¢Orders under this Act should not be made unless it can be shown that this is better for the child than not making the order The Children Act 2004 (Every Child Matters) set out the national framework for delivering children’s services, and identified the Every Child Matters five outcomes for children and young people, which all professionals must work towards. The Government’s aim is for every child, whatever their background or their circumstances, to have the support they need to; †¢Stay safe †¢Healthy †¢Enjoy and achieve †¢Economic wellbeing †¢Positive contribution In addition to the Every Child Matters outcomes, The Children Act 2004; †¢Establishes the duties to ‘co-operate to improve well-being’ and to ‘safeguard and promote welfare’ of children and young people for the statutory agencies †¢Make local authorities responsible for publishing an integrated Children’s and Young People’s Plan, which describes how they intend to deliver outcomes specified in the Every Child Matters Framework †¢Gives local authorities the responsibility for setting up a Local Safeguarding Children’s Board (LSCB) †¢Gives local authorities the responsibility for the arrangements to set up Children’s Trusts, local partnerships between the public, private voluntary and community sectors Working Together to Safeguard Children 2010 is HM Government guidance that defines Safeguarding, Child Protection and Children in Need. Safeguarding as; †¢Protecting children from maltreatment, preventing impairment of children’s health or development, ensuring that children are growing up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care and undertaking that role so as to enable those children to have optimum life chances and to enter adulthood successfully. Child Protection as; †¢A part of safeguarding and promoting welfare. This refers to the activity that is undertaken to protect specific children who are suffering, or are at risk of suffering significant harm. Effective child protection is essential as part of wider work to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. However, all agencies and individuals should aim proactively to safeguard and promote the welfare of children so that the need for action to protect children from harm is reduced. Children in Need as; †¢Those whose vulnerability is such that they are unlikely to reach or maintain a satisfactory level of health or development, or their health or development will be significantly impaired, without the provision of services. The Protection of Children Act 1999 is to provide protection for children. The key components of the Child Protection Act 1999 are; †¢The child’s right to protection is paramount †¢Families have primary responsibility for the care and protection of their children †¢The child and family have the right to participate in decisions †¢Parents and children have the right to information †¢Accountability is paramount †¢Culturally appropriate services need to be provided †¢Voluntary intervention is the preferred means of support †¢Non-voluntary intervention needs to be limited to the degree necessary to protect the child The Act requires support workers working in the sector to consider and act in the best interests of the child or young person and to report abuse and follow up disclosures of abuse. The Common Assessment Framework (CAF) is a key part of the Every Child Matters: Change for Children programme. The aim is to identify, at the earliest opportunity additional needs which are not being met by the universal services children are receiving, and provide timely and co-ordinated support to meet those needs. The CAF is voluntary and consent-based. It is underpinned by a partnership approach between families and practitioners, with emphasis on family-based decision-making. The CAF assesses the strengths and needs of the child and their family, and families play a big part when developing an action plan for meeting any identified additional needs. The CAF is designed to improve joint working and communication, and supports the sharing of information with consent. It is not a referral to other services, but can be used as an evidence base to support referral where appropriate. A CAF should be done when; †¢There is parental consent – and young person consent if they are competent †¢There are concerns about progress or unmet additional need †¢Needs are unclear †¢The support of more than one agency is needed Leeds Safeguarding Children’s Board brings together representatives of each of the main agencies responsible for promoting children’s welfare, and helping to protect children from abuse and neglect. It is responsible for developing, monitoring and reviewing child protection policies, procedures and practice within Leeds, and for providing interagency training for staff  across the city who work with children and families. Safeguarding Children and Safer Recruitment in Education was introduced in January 2007 by the Secretary of State and Education and Skills. It is a new vetting and barring scheme for all those working with children and young people. Regulations have been tightened and new guidance introduced to clarify responsibilities for safer recruitment. It looks at the recruitment and selection processes, recruitment and vetting checks, and duties for safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children in education. The publication also looks at dealing with allegations of abuse against teachers and other staff. The scheme includes; †¢Safeguarding children – additional guidance and advice †¢Safeguarding children in education †¢Recruitment and vetting checks †¢Dealing with allegations of abuse against teachers and other staff †¢Recruitment and selection The Education Act 2002 was developed to broaden teacher’s responsibilities in relation to child protection. Teachers and other staff in the education service have day-to-day contact with individual children. They are, therefore, particularly well placed to observe outward signs of abuse, changes in behaviour or failure to develop. 1.2 Explain child protection within the wider concept of safeguarding children and young people. All staff have a responsibility to safeguard children and young people. Today ‘child protection’ is vastly becoming replaced with ‘safeguarding’. It has a much broader range and was produced to provide a framework to protecting children and young people. There are specific recruitment, selection, training and vetting procedures such as CRB (Criminal Records Bureau) checks and disclosures. It also highlights the need to ensure that inappropriate behaviour does not take place and outlines the preferred means by which any allegations or suspicions are reported and acted upon. Safeguarding a child or young person is also to ensure that they have the opportunity to achieve their true potential and have the right to be protected from abuse. Any organisation that deals with children or young people must have a  safeguarding policy in place that it is reviewed and updated regularly. All staff must know the policy and procedures to follow in the event of any cause for concern. It also highlights the importance of shared responsibilities as there can be many different agencies involved in dealing with each case. 1.3 Analyse how national and local guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding affect day to day work with children and young people My school, Pudsey Tyersal Primary School is committed to safeguarding and promoting the welfare of its pupils. We believe all staff and visitors have an important and unique role to play in child protection. My school believes that; †¢Schools can contribute to the prevention of abuse †¢All children have the right to be protected from harm †¢Children need support which matches their individual needs, including those who may have experienced abuse †¢Children need to be safe and feel safe in school Over all aims; To contribute to the prevention of abusive experiences in the following ways; †¢Clarifying standards of behaviour for staff and pupils †¢Introducing appropriate work within the curriculum †¢Developing staff awareness of the causes of abuse †¢Encouraging pupils and parental participation in practice †¢Addressing concerns at the earliest possible stage To contribute to the protection of our pupils in the following ways; †¢Including appropriate work within the curriculum  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Implementing child protection policies and procedures  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Working in partnership with pupils, parents and agencies To contribute to supporting our pupils in the following ways; †¢Identifying individual needs where possible  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Designing plans to meet needs Pudsey Tyersal Primary School will fulfil local and national responsibilities as laid out in the following documents; †¢Working Together to Safeguard  Children 2010 (please see 1.1 for information) †¢The Children Act 1989 (please also see 1.1 for information) †¢Leeds Safeguarding Children Board Procedures (2007)(please see 1.1 for information) †¢Safeguarding Children and Safer Recruitment in Education (DfES 2007) (please see 1.1 for information) †¢The Education Act 2002 (please see 1.1 for information) The previous listed guidelines, policies and procedures are conformed to daily by my school. It is my schools job to ensure that these measurements are adhered to. For example, if I was confronted by a child who tells me that he/she is being abused, I must act in accordance to the following guidelines; †¢Remain calm †¢Do not transmit shock, anger or embarrassment  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Reassure the child and tell the child that I am pleased that he/she is speaking to me †¢Never enter into a pact of secrecy with the child. Assure him/her that I will try to help but let the child know that I will have to tell other people in order to do this. State who this is and why †¢Tell him/her that I believe them. Children very rarely lie about abuse; but he/she may have tried telling others and not been heard or believed †¢Reassure the child that it’s not his/her fault †¢Encourage the child to talk but do not ask ‘leading questions’ or press for information †¢Listen and remember  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Check that I have understood what the child is trying to tell me †¢Praise the child for telling me. Tell the child that he/she has the right to be safe and protected †¢Do not tell the child that what he/she has experienced is dirty, naughty or bad †¢Remember that it is inappropriate to make any comments about the alleged offender †¢Be aware that the child may retract what he/she has told me. It is essential to record all that I have heard †¢At the end of the conversation, tell the child again who I am going to tell and why that person or those people need to know †¢As soon as I can afterwards, make a detailed record of the conversation using the child’s own language. Include any questions I have asked but don’t add any opinions or interpretations I must not deal with this by myself. I need to inform the designated staff straight away, who, along with the Head teacher will  contact Social Services. Children making a disclosure may do so with difficulty, having chosen carefully to whom they will speak. Listening to and supporting a child/young person who has been abused can be traumatic for the adults involved. Support for me will be available from my designated staff or Head Teacher. 1.4 Explain when and why inquiries and serious case reviews are required and how the sharing of the findings informs practice. Serious case reviews are undertaken when a child or young person dies (including death by suspected suicide) and abuse or neglect is known or suspected to be a factor in the death. Local Safeguarding Children’s Boards (LSCB) may decide to conduct a Serious Case Review whenever a child has been harmed in any of the following situations; †¢A child sustains a potentially life-threatening injury or serious and permanent impairment of physical and mental health and development through abuse or neglect †¢A child has been seriously harmed as a result of being subjected to sexual abuse †¢A parent has been murdered and a domestic homicide review is being initiated under the Domestic Violence Act 2004 †¢A child has been seriously harmed following a violent assault The purpose behind a Serious Case Review is to learn valuable lessons regarding the case and how well (or not) the local professionals and services worked together to safeguard and promote the welfare of th at child or young person. This then helps policies and procedures to be updated and improved to ensure that all agencies are effectively working together to promote child welfare and safeguarding and to act quickly and efficiently to prevent any form of child abuse. In all cases where abuse is suspected or a sustainable allegation is made, teachers and other members of staff should report the information to the designated teacher. The designated teacher should refer these cases to, or discuss them with the investigating agencies according to the procedures established by the local Area Child Protection Committee and the Local Education Authority. The overall aim of the new provisions is to place the education service’s responsibilities for making child protection arrangements on a legal footing and to provide further safeguards against child abuse. These will only prove  successful if the Government, LEA’s and schools ensure that teachers are aware of their new duties and that they receive training in recognising the signs of child abuse. These new provisions also place a wider duty on schools, further education institutions and LEAs. These bodies now have a duty to safeguard and promote the welfare of children in relation to all functions relating to the conduct of a school. 1.5 Explain how the processes used by own work setting or service comply with legislation that covers data protection, information handling and sharing. In my placement school Child Protection information is dealt with in a confidential manner. A written record is made of what information has been shared with who and when. Staff will be informed of relevant details only when the designated staff feels their having knowledge of a situation will improve their ability to deal with an individual child and/or family. Child Protection records are stored securely in a central place, separate from academic records. Individual files are kept for each child. The school does not keep family files. Files are kept for at least that period during which the child is attending the school, and beyond that, in line with current data legislation. Access to them by staff other than the designated staff is restricted and a written record is kept of who has access to them and when. Parents are made aware of what information is held on their children and are kept up to date regarding any concerns or developments by the appropriate members of staff. General communications with parents are in line with home school policies and give due regard to which adults have parental responsibility. In general, my school will discuss concerns with parents/carers before approaching other agencies, and will seek their consent to making a referral to another agency. Appropriate staff will approach parents/carers after consultation with the Designated Staff. However, there may be occasions when school will contact another agency before informing parents/carers, if the school decides that contacting them may increase the risk of significant harm to the child. My school works in partnership with other agencies in the best interests of the children. Therefore, school will, where necessary, liaise with the school nurse and  doctor, and make referrals to Social Care. Referrals should be made, by the Designated Staff, to the Central Local Authority call centre, using the ‘Common Request for Service Form’. Where a child already has a social worker, the referral should indicate the fact and the social worker should also be informed. The school will co-operate with Children and Young People’s Social Care where they are conducting child protection enquiries. Furthermore, school will endeavour to attend appropriate inter-agency meetings such as Initial and Review Child Protection Conferences, and Planning and Core Group meetings, as well as Family Support Meetings. The school will provide reports as required for these meetings. If school is unable to attend, a written report will be sent. The report will, wherever possible, be shared with parents/carers at least 24 hours before the meeting.